If they haven't already, enterprise network executives should sit up and take notice of the debate swirling around network-neutrality rules, industry experts say.

If incorporated into law or federal regulations, network-neutrality principles could prevent ISPs from charging premiums to give priority to the traffic of their preferred customers and from blocking or slowing applications such as VoIP. Congress is considering making network-neutrality principles law as it debates communications reform this year, but some large backbone providers oppose legislation.

Whether such rules will be adopted remains unclear, which has one IT executive concerned.

"I'm afraid that net-neutrality legislation will put the content of the Internet in the control of broadband providers," says Jason Hittleman, vice president of information systems at RKA Petroleum in Romulus, Mich. "This will have serious impacts on enterprise users . . . by enabling centralized control of content. I also believe that pricing will become an issue because the model will limit the number of available providers, thereby reducing or eliminating variety and competition."

Although analysts believe it's unlikely that service providers would render any particular Web applications or classes of them completely unavailable, no one knows how the issue will play out. What is feared is the emergence of an application class system and even higher service rates.

With so many employees working outside of the main office, resolution of the issue promises to affect most businesses. According to Nemertes Research, 90% of employees do not work at their company headquarters. "The number of virtual workers has grown by 800% over the past five years," says Johna Till Johnson, president of the consulting firm and a columnist for Network World.

In many cases these employees are connected to their corporate offices by consumer DSL or cable modem Internet access services. "Many businesses do not realize how heavily reliant they are on consumer broadband services," Johnson says.

At the center of the debate is whether Internet backbone owners should be allowed to charge content providers such as Google or service providers such as Vonage for using their networks. BellSouth is one provider that backs this idea.